Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) Disorders

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases is a general term that describes problems in the temporomandibular joint in the jaw and face area. The temporomandibular joint is where the lower jaw (mandible) meets the skull (temporal bone) and controls functions such as mouth opening, chewing and speaking. Temporomandibular joint diseases can cause a variety of symptoms and lead to problems such as pain, jaw movement restrictions and dysfunction. Here’s more information about TMJ diseases:

Causes and Risk Factors: The causes of temporomandibular joint diseases are complex and usually occur as a result of the interaction of more than one factor. These may include:

• Jaw injuries or traumas
• Tooth decay and poor dental health
• Teeth grinding or clenching (bruxism)
• Joint-related anatomical disorders
• Rheumatic diseases
• Stress and anxiety

Symptoms: Symptoms of temporomandibular joint disease may vary from person to person. But common symptoms may include:

• Jaw pain or facial pain
• Clicking, crackling or locking sensation in the jaw joint area
• Inability to fully open or close the mouth
• Headaches
• Earache or hearing problems
• Pain or spasm in jaw muscles

Diagnosis: Diagnosis of TMJ disease is made by a dentist or oral surgeon. The diagnostic process may include evaluation of symptoms, oral and jaw examinations, and the use of x-rays or imaging tests such as MRI.

Treatment: Treatment of TMJ diseases may vary depending on the severity and causes of symptoms. Treatment options may include:

• Use of a mouthguard or splint: Special mouthguards that correct the jaw position and prevent teeth grinding at night.
• Physical therapy: Exercises that strengthen and relax the jaw muscles.
• Medications: Painkillers, muscle relaxants or anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Diet and lifestyle changes: Consuming soft foods, limiting chewing movements.
• Surgical intervention: Surgery is considered in rare cases and when other treatments have failed.

Prevention: To prevent temporomandibular joint diseases, it is important to manage stress, pay attention to good dental health, visit the dentist regularly and avoid habits that negatively affect jaw health.

TMJ disorders can include a number of conditions that can be treated and symptoms can be relieved. The treatment plan must be adapted to the individual symptoms and causes of the disease. Therefore, it is important to consult a healthcare professional in case of any suspicion of TMJ.